話不多說，以下先8秒鐘讓句子本人直接跟大家說明。
例句： 1. Having lost all hope, I quit. 2.Being so tired, I quit.
還原例句： 1. Because I have lost all hope, I quit. 2.Because I was so tired, I quit.
最簡單的最難。 - 無名氏
請注意： Participle Clauses/phrases 之所以無所不在 => 除了上述because的省略之外，還有很多兄弟姊妹款式齁! 請保持樂觀心情，繼續看下去。
After...
3. After finishing the work, I quit.
還原：After I finished the work, I quit.
*After 有時候也會省略（到底有多省口水跟墨水XD）：Finishing the work, I quit.
(省略的原則是：畢竟有沒有特別講 after 其實都猜得出來有時間前後的意思，就豪氣省了)
When/While...
4. While making dinner, she cut her finger.
或是 She cut her finger while making dinner.
還原：While she was making dinner, she cut her finger.
*Reduced Relative Clauses*
關係子句的「省略」句也一樣變成participle 款式，就一起複習整理起來！
4. The little girl injured in the car accident was taken to hospital.
還原：The little girl who was injured in the car accident was taken to hospital.
5. This necklace, made in 11th century, is very fragile.
還原：This necklace, which was made in 11th century, is very fragile.
6. My friend, discouraged by a toxic culture at work, quit his job.
還原：My friend who was discouraged by a toxic culture at work quit his job.
*補充：你也會常常看到這樣的順序排列： Made in 11th century, this necklace is very fragile. Discouraged by a toxic culture at work, my friend quit his job. 但是這一個由關係子句省略的款式我們通常不會把 participle phrase 放在句尾，因為這樣會離「要修飾的那個名詞 this necklace, my friend 太遙遠」，語意比較不鮮明，也比較容易誤會文意。
！切記！
要用 participle clause 的方式省口水省墨水讓文字更精簡的「首要原則」
兩個句子的「主詞」要一樣！否則就會造成誤會了。
舉個網路很常見的例句：
錯誤示範：Coming out of the market, the apples fell on the pavement.
還原見笑點：
After the apples came out of the market, they fell on the pavement.
（除非是以蘋果人為主角的卡通這句話才有道理R~）
*補充：這裡的“Coming out of the market”被稱作一個 dangling modifier （被斷主詞頭之無家可歸的修飾語）
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